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5th Paper Final Draft - 1186 Words

Julian Malile Professor Tommasi Expository Writing 2 December 2014 Writings Involvement with Self and Society The self is expressed in a multitude of ways ranging from speeches to television as well as writing. Not only that but as human beings it is instinctual to make an observation and write it down, but we tend to add our own personal view as to what we believe, or interpret something entirely else from the observation. By reading Karen Hos Biographies of Hegemony and Jean Twenges An Army of One: Me essays as well as Robert Thurmans Wisdom it is evident that each employed a distinctive argument and method to explain their views on what they wrote but what each of them shared in common was how their writing allowed their†¦show more content†¦Their entitlement and self worth is not in them it is constantly told to them and so they believe it when in actuality these people who run our countries finances may not be the smartest. They [investment bankers] make Harvard students feel like they are best and are constantly reminded of that (Ho 1 76). By Ho showing the mindset behind these people to the public she helped bring society to the realization that the investment bankers although obtained knowledge at these elite institutions they, investment bankers, are not very different from the rest of society. The students, investment bankers as well as the rest of society are placed on a level playing field and in turn Ho brings them all together as well as her self. In addition to revealing to people what the true self of others was, Jean Twenge explains in An Army of One: Me that the self is changing with generation after another specifically in the twentieth century. Twenge argues that over the second half of the twentieth century, Americans have become more about individual celebration rather than the being worried about other. This new change in individualism had a direct correlation how the self is now viewed, [f]or the Boomers, who grew up in the 1950s and 1960s, self-focus was a new concept, individualism an uncharte d territory... which is why many Boomers talk about the self using language full of abstraction,Show MoreRelatedBanking700 Words   |  3 PagesTerm Paper Each student is expected to write a term paper on a topic relevant to the course, but of your choosing. Each of you should chose a topic and submit the idea by October 5th for my approval. In your proposal, you should describe to me what you plan to write about and why. You must (and this is important) provide a brief selection of material/scholarly articles that you plan to rely on for your paper. After your topic has been approved, you are free to begin development of the paper inRead MoreThe Three Stages Of A Good Essay992 Words   |  4 Pagesbut there were three stages that I felt that were very important. The first draft, peer review, and word selections are the most important stages for writing a good essay. These stages had helped me so much in English writing since English is my second language. Writing a first draft is critical for having a good essay. A first draft to me is more like a free write. Free writing is letting your mind flows on to papers and releasing all your ideas and thoughts. When you are free writing, you don’tRead MoreTaxes Are The Devil By The French And Indian War849 Words   |  4 Pagespublished the final draft of â€Å"United States Declaration of Independence. This was an act that was a virtual slap the face of the British Crown. A list of grievances that would birth a country. The whole of these events and ideas allowed for the growing country to fight against its government of origin. Deeper Analysis into rebellious literature. Unlike this written document the Declaration of Independence by the thirteen united states of America was written 4 times before the 5th and final draft was putRead MoreReviewing The Topic Of Breast Cancer987 Words   |  4 Pagesannotated bibliography March 5th – April 11th Submit Annotated bibliography, take notes on research April 12th – April 13th Submit Draft Proposal , while continuing to maintain research April 15th – April 19th Edit Draft Proposal April 20th –April 24th Create outline of paper April 25th - May 12TH Write technical report draft, and have it reviewed May 13th – May 19th Submit draft for review May 20 Take reviews from draft correct them and turn in final report May 29 Conclusion BreastRead Moreâ€Å"a Proposed Human Resource Information System Solution for the Agricultural Development Bank†.1235 Words   |  5 Pages5-6 weeks 14th Nov to 20th Dec Analysis – The system requirements are studied and structured. 8 weeks 5th Jan to 5th Mar First Draft – Up to analysis phase 1 week 6th Mar to 11th Mar Design – The recommended solution is converted into a logical and then physical design 6 weeks 6th Mar to 15th Apr Second Draft – Completed Capstone 1 week 15th Apr to 18th Apr Final Paper 1 week 25th Apr to 28th Apr Evaluation Criteria for Project ï  ® Potential benefits – Extent to whichRead MoreFilm Critique (the Blind Side)1392 Words   |  6 PagesWeek Five Individual Film Critique Neil A. Burgheimer HUM/150 Week Five Individual Film Critique This week for the final film critique I chose to review The Blind Side (2009). In this film Sandra Bullock plays Leigh Anne Tuohy, a successful interior designer. Her husband Sean Tuohy played by Tim McGraw is the owner of over 85 fast food franchises including Taco Bell, Kentucky Fried Chicken, Pizza Hut, and Long John Silver’s. In the film Leigh Anne takes a boy named Michael â€Å"Big Mike† Oher intoRead MoreMarketing Audit Approach - Ikea1571 Words   |  7 Pagesprovide an audit report at the end of the course. Marketing Audit Approach This document aims to provide an approach to the marketing audit process and will also detail out the steps that need to be performed to accomplish the same. The final project document will have an executive summary, which provides a summary of the marketing audit purpose, key findings, major highlights, conclusions and recommendations. This is a high level summary and can be presented to the company’s top managementRead MoreEssay about Congress and the Law Making Process1376 Words   |  6 Pagesthe first step which is the draft stage. Members of Congress in this stage begin gathering and putting together ideas for their laws. They are basically doing what we do in school by doing a rough draft of their work. Not only does Congress write draft bills the Executive Branch is able to write up drafts, but they can review which goes into the next step of The second step to this process, which is members and only members only of congress take the bills or the draft of the law and present it toRead MoreA Woman at a Crossroads600 Words   |  3 Pages In doing so the career counselor creates goals to build an action plan. Assisting clients in who they are as a person and what their career goals are is an essential in establishing a working alliance in career counseling. This paper will display the draft of the final project in case of Alaina. Alaina The information I would obtain from Alaina’s intake questionnaire is the client’s family in career decisions and educational planning. The information will display the information in understandingRead MoreReading And Analyzing For Comprehension Unit Plan1677 Words   |  7 Pagesfor Comprehension. Estimated Time: Five to Six 45 –minute sessions. Population: 40 students for both grade levels. Proficiency Level(s): Above Level Below Level On Grade Level Grade Level(s) :4th and 5th grade OVERVIEW Students learn about the purposes and techniques of annotation by examining a text closely and critically. They  will practice analyzing a sample annotation and identifying the purpose for annotating an article. Students will then practice

Legal Toolkit Problem Solving Process

Question: Discuss about the Legal Toolkit for Problem Solving Process. Answer: Introduction: While approaching a legal problem a lawyer has to go through various stages to ensure that all aspects of the problems are adequately addressed. The initial and primary requirement to approach a legal problem starts with understanding the legal issue. The lawyers must start understanding legal issues by separating them from regulatory issues. For the purpose of legal reasoning the lawyers should take a planned approach. The lawyers can do rule based reasoning for the purpose of solving legal issues. In the subsequent stage the lawyers must find out the relevant rules of the case and apply them to the facts himself to come to an expected conclusion. In the next stage after the rules have been analyzed the lawyers must rebut their own arguments to find out its defects and find ways to solve such problems. Critical thinking is of utmost importance with respect to lawyers. They must know both the pros and the cons of the approaches taken by them towards solving the legal problem. After a nalyzing all the pros and cons lawyers must come to a precise conclusion which should be be in the best interest of their clients. While analyzing the relevant rules of the case a lawyer must know how to reason through analogy that is ratio decidendi and obiter dicta. Two cases can never have same facts but the same rule may be applicable on them. For instance in a case where a person has a wolf as pet is liable to all actions of the wolf as it is a wild animal, the rule will also be applicable in the case where a person has a pet Pit-bull who is not a wild animal but still he would be accountable for its actions. The concept of inductive legal reasoning has to be adopted by the lawyers towards approaching a legal problem. In this approach the claims made by a lawyer has to be supported by judicial provisions. A lawyer in this regard has to analyze the decision of the court taken in different situation and apply such decisions of the present case. The lawyers towards approaching a legal problem must know how to find out differences between two cases having similar facts. The significance of understanding the use of technical languages towards approaching a legal problem is also very important to a lawyer in the stage of legal reasoning. Understanding legal language is not as difficult as it appears, it is important for lawyers to understand a few significant characteristics of legal languages. Lawyers must not use any abstract concepts with respect to the language they use in solving the legal problems. Abstract words like anyhow should not be used by lawyers while drafting a file for a particular case. A good lawyer should also understand that legal language often contain foreign language phrases like French and Latin phrases and it is important for lawyers to understand its meaning sop that they can ensure an appropriate approach towards problem solving. Details of specific tools, strategies and theories One of the major principles in relation to common law is the doctrine of precedent. According to this doctrine the courts are required to follow the decisions and ruling made by the higher courts in similar situations. All lawyers have different approach and discipline towards solving legal problems. There are various methods for determining what law is applicable in a situation and one of such methods is the doctrine of precedent. The law of precedents is one of the major theories used by lawyers to solve a legal problem. This doctrine is explained totally by the lain phrase of state decisis which literally means one should abided by the decisions made by the higher court and not to disturb matters which are settled. However it has to be noted in this case that the decision of court at the same level are not binding on then. For instance the decision of the district court of New South Wales will not be binding on the district court of West Australia. The decisions of higher courts o utside the jurisdiction of the smaller court would also not be binding on the court and would act only as guidance. The first thing which a lawyer has to keep in mind before using the doctrine precisely is the level of the court. This has to be done because the court at a higher level does not follow the decisions provided by a court at a lower level. Another thing the lawyers must have in mind towards the doctrine of stare decisis is that not all courts follow the practice of being bound by their own decision. There are several matters which a lawyer has to come across in his professional career. Most of the matters are of such nature which has already been addressed by the courts at some point of time. The decisions relating to such matters help the lawyers to construct a logical argument with respect to the present issues they are dealing with. Sometimes a judge may use a different method to solve a particular case and avoid following a precedent which would have been bound to follow. This method is generally used by the judges when they find that the material facts of the present case are different as compared to the law of the case they are bound to follow. This concept allows the courts to differentiate between the previous decisions from the present case which could have become a precedent for the courts to follow. It has to be noted in this case that the court have to prove that such difference between the facts of the cases exist in order to not to be bound by the precedent even if the court does not agree with the reasoning of the precedent. The concept of judicial precedent has to be complied with strictly in case legal distinction is not proved. Two cases which are used to explain the concept of distinction most commonly are the cases of Merritt v Merritt (1971) and Balfour v Balfour (1919). The common factor in both the cases was that the wife had made a claim against her husband in relation to the breach of contract. In the case of Balfour v Balfour the court decided that the wife is not entitled to claim breach of contract as the element of intention was absent in the contract and therefore the contract was not formed. The court in this case ruled that the agreement was not a contract and merely a domestic agreement. In the case of Merritt v Merritt the claimant and defendant were divorced and thus the court found that their relationship was more distant and different as compared to the previous case. This fact explained the reason why they opted to form the agreement in writing and therefore the court held the claim. Lawyers must allocate adequate time and reasoning in order to determine material differences between two similar cases. The concept of distinction between cases is essential for the lawyers to effectively use the doctrine of precedent. According to the principle of the Rule of Law, the nation has to be governed by the law and not arbitrary decisions of people at influential government positions. The main aim of this rule is to bring out the significance of law in society and particularly restricting arbitrary behavior by government officials. The rule implies that all citizens are equal before law and even lawmakers are not above the rule of law. This rule abolishes the practices of dictatorship, oligarchy or autocracy where rules made by government officials are above the law. According to Aristotle it is more beneficial if people are not ruled by a single citizen, and even if the supreme power of law is placed in a single person than the person must act merely as a servant of law. The rule abolishes the idea of divine rights where rulers were held to be above the law. This rule is used to determine the main dimensions of good governance within a country. The rule of law promotes confidence and trust within the nation as the people know that law will be applied consistently and equally. In Australia the main aim of the rule of law is to provide the citizens with a fair trial and promote equity. It is the duty of lawyers to promote the rule of law and use it efficiently to solve problems related to their cases. I have conducted research on various topics to appropriately complete my assignment. This research has given my considerable theoretical knowledge on how to solve legal problems. I have gained considerable knowledge on how to differentiate between cases having similar facts. I learned that I can distinguish between two cases based on both facts of the case and policies used in solving the case. I gained knowledge that in order to effectively apply the doctrine of precedent it is very important to determine the facts of present case and compare it to the facts of the case whose precedent is likely to be applicable. I did not have any idea that distinction is so important in order to anticipate and critically analyze the outcome of the present case. I would allocate adequate time to fide out small and significant details which might be different as compare to the case whose precedent is to be applied. I will also analyze the relevancy of the different material facts as compared to the precedent. References Aldisert, Hon Ruggero J.Logic for Lawyers: A Guide to Clear Legal Thinking. LexisNexis, 2015. Berman, Greg, and John Feinblatt.Good courts: The case for problem-solving justice. Vol. 8. Quid Pro Books, 2015. Butt, Peter.Modern legal drafting: a guide to using clearer language. Cambridge University Press, 2013. Craig, Paul P. "Pringle: legal reasoning, text, purpose and teleology."Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law(2013). Douglas, James, Eleanor Atkins, and Hamish Clift. "Judicial Rulings with Prospective Effect in Australia."Comparing the Prospective Effect of Judicial Rulings Across Jurisdictions. Springer International Publishing, 2015. 349-358. Gageler, Stephen, and Brendan Lim. "Collective irrationality and the doctrine of precedent."Melb. UL Rev.38 (2014): 525. Gibbons, John.Language and the Law. Routledge, 2014. Jarvis, Robert M. "Legal History: Teaching Skills Practicing Lawyers Need."Am. J. Legal Hist.53 (2013): 498. Levi, Edward H.An introduction to legal reasoning. University of Chicago Press, 2013. Lindsay, Geoff. "Building a Nation: The Doctrine of Precedent in Australian Legal History."Historical Foundations of Australian Law: Institutions, Concepts and Personalities(2013): 267. Sternberg, Robert J., and Peter A. Frensch.Complex problem solving: Principles and mechanisms. Psychology Press, 2014. Vines, Prue.Law and Justice in Australia: Foundations of the legal system. Oxford University Press, 2013.

The Lord of the Flies Play Essay Example For Students

The Lord of the Flies Play Essay The Lord of the Rings is an amazingly detailed and structured piece of writing by William Golding which has been adapted to the theatre by Nigel Williams; who has portrayed it as an inspirational piece of literature which reveals the true darkness of human nature.  Their use of the set was amazing, the way that they used the wreckage of the airplane to symbolise every inch of their island; they way the tail section pivoted and turned 360 degrees to become a fortress, a hill or the crevice of a cliff. Also, the way the cockpit was climbed over and stripped to pieces so they could make spears from the metal struts and tie the twins Sam and Eric up with the seatbelts. It was manipulated in different ways to achieve various effects; for example when a mountain scene was shown, the fire on top of the shelter was lit up and the movable part was facing towards the viewer with the highest point towards the audience. When Simon was shown to be running down the mountain the movable parts were facing with the lowest point towards the audience so that it created a downhill effect which resulted in the use of the set becoming more lifelike. On the other hand, the use of the set could also be viewed as rather tedious as the same backdrop is used for the whole of the play; the only variation is at the start where a thin gauze is used to shield the characters somewhat from the audience. We will write a custom essay on The Lord of the Flies Play specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The acting skills were commendable, all of the characters using the whole set to express their feelings. The way that they swung and exerted themselves on the wreckage of the plane didnt leave much to the imagination and certainly pleased most of the ladies in the audience. Overall, the acting was amazingly creditable, the actor who played the character Simon stood out to me; in my opinion he was able to portray the image of a bullied young boy who was tormented by the anguish and fear which remained in his thoughts as the beast. Simon was the one who informed the audience that the beast was not one who was physically there; that the beast remained inside all the children as part of human nature. I thought that he had the potential to play the part of Ralph but because he stayed so silent throughout the play this was not shown to he audience. I felt that his monologues were particularly powerful and got across plenty of emotion and feeling which affected the audience immensely, also, the scene of his death was particularly poignant; as he was shown to be as lifeless and as limp as a ragdoll, falling across the wreckage of the plane and he did this with the utmost discretion and his facial expression didnt change even when his body impacted with the side of the plane (which must have hurt). The use of sound effects in the play was very effective, such as the waves and the drumming which was apparent throughout the play. This was used to create a haunted and eerie atmosphere and coupled with the singing at the start this was achieved. At the beginning of the play the actors are stood on different levels and sang to the audience; the vocal performance was exemplary, not failing to chill the audience and create a haunted and eerie atmosphere. This was a stark contrast of their progression into savagery and gave the viewer a screenshot of them before they turned evil and something to compare their behaviour to; the fact that they begin the uncanny and ethereal performance in such an angelic fashion causes the audience to feel even more uncomfortable when the subtle changes begin to creep into view. .uc4de9779e4e691d5a240aaf055f7b364 , .uc4de9779e4e691d5a240aaf055f7b364 .postImageUrl , .uc4de9779e4e691d5a240aaf055f7b364 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc4de9779e4e691d5a240aaf055f7b364 , .uc4de9779e4e691d5a240aaf055f7b364:hover , .uc4de9779e4e691d5a240aaf055f7b364:visited , .uc4de9779e4e691d5a240aaf055f7b364:active { border:0!important; } .uc4de9779e4e691d5a240aaf055f7b364 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc4de9779e4e691d5a240aaf055f7b364 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc4de9779e4e691d5a240aaf055f7b364:active , .uc4de9779e4e691d5a240aaf055f7b364:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc4de9779e4e691d5a240aaf055f7b364 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc4de9779e4e691d5a240aaf055f7b364 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc4de9779e4e691d5a240aaf055f7b364 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc4de9779e4e691d5a240aaf055f7b364 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc4de9779e4e691d5a240aaf055f7b364:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc4de9779e4e691d5a240aaf055f7b364 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc4de9779e4e691d5a240aaf055f7b364 .uc4de9779e4e691d5a240aaf055f7b364-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc4de9779e4e691d5a240aaf055f7b364:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Assess the importance of 'The Garden Scene' to the development of Twelfth Night EssayFurthermore, throughout the play an inconsistent drumming is heard which adds to the atmosphere, this darkens the tone and mood of the piece considerably and reflects the growing tension in the storyline. Moreover, the sound in Lord of the Flies was used very effectively to enhance the special effects, for example the sound of waves was heard throughout the production; this reinforced the setting of the actual play and continued to remind the audience of the location on which the islanders were marooned. When Simon was murdered the sound effects were used to generate the effect of a thunde rstorm which in turn invoked an emotive reaction for the viewer and caused them to experience the build of tension first hand, and made the scene much more dramatic. In the scene of Simons murder, the lighting is used in a very specific way to achieve the maximum effect possible. They were dimmed and the acting was projected in black and white, the absence of colour makes the performance quite stark and defined. Video images are also projected onto the set, transporting the audience to different scenes and making it much more effective; for example, during Piggys death the projection of a cliff is shown to the viewer which makes them feel like part of the scene, reinforcing the location. Also, when Sam and Eric are on the top of the precipice, there is a red light shining on their faces, this formed the illusion of a fire and made the whole scene much more realistic evoking an eerie atmosphere. Moreover, when the last scene was played out and the helicopter was shown a bright light was shined onto the audience; this momentarily stunned the audience and made sure that we werent able to see what was going on, on stage. This was very clever as the cast were able to quickly prepare for the next scene knowing that the viewer couldnt watch them, this was so much more effective than just shielding with a curtain as it was more realistic and built more tension, in addition it surprised the audience and was able to shock them into paying attention if some of them were becoming distracted, a very subtle but efficient technique. I thought a particularly effective sequence was the dancing, the fact that they seemed to dance for undeniably savage reasons such as the killing of the pig really highlighted their transformation from young and innocent school boys to ignorant savages. The fact that they paired the dancing with chanting of obscene phrases emphasised this conversion and allowed them to be seen in a completely different light. The dancing, although choreographed wasnt absolutely perfect which added an element of realism to it and made it seem much more realistic and spontaneous. In retrospect, the acting in The Lord of the Flies was amazing and all the techniques were used effectively to produce a well made production which I thoroughly enjoyed.

Essay on Formalism vs Substantivism Essays

Essay on Formalism vs Substantivism Essays Essay on Formalism vs Substantivism Paper Essay on Formalism vs Substantivism Paper Substantivism and Formalism Essay The Disembedded economy Why might Polanyi claim that disembedded economies are less stable than embedded ones? Does a market society require a certain level of insecurity for its members? How might people find a disembedded economy empowering? Can there be such a thing as a ‘pure’ market society? Is ‘marketization’ a helpful concept with which to understand contemporary capitalism? Industrial capitalism and machines etc were all part of the establishment of the market economy. The motive of subsistence must become one of gain. The merchant makes his profits on the market and prices are allowed to regulate themselves. Such a self-regulating system of markets is what we call a market economy. The transformation to this system is like the metamorphis of a caterpillar- so stark that it is almost not like a continuous process. Machines in a society transform nature into a commodity. Dalton on Polanyi: Material self-gain is institutionally enforced In traditional bands the institutions through which goods were produced and distributed wer embedded in an inseperable part of social institutions, and the economy functioned as by product of kinship political and religious obligations and relationships. economy’ is not a field of experience of which humans have always been aware. Primitive societies are gemeinchaften not gesellshaften. Hunger is not an incentive for production. Classical economics and Marxist socialism came from the industrial revolution. Laissez faire capitalism was created in response to the need for machine technology Burling Economics deals with the material means to man’s existence: Does the good have to be ‘material’ in order to be in the realm of economic? Price of a ticket or the cost of someone’s wages are not material yet are economic. We economize between material and non material ends. Do I work overtime in order to afford myself a DVD or do I refuse the overtime and have more leisure time at home with my family? Polanyi makes the distinction between economics in the substantive sense that’s material, and in the formal sense- rationalizing and calculating. Polanyi says that because we have the market these two aspects come together but they wouldn’t in a primitive economy. Primitives economize too. The materialness is irrelevant. Economics is the distribution of goods and services: But not any goods and services, only economic ones which makes this statement useless. If its to do with price systems then some societies don’t have economics. ‘Economics is the allocation of scarce means to multiple ends’ Draws parralells with Freud and maximizing by sacrificing pleasure for future gain. We need to escape the notion of economic as involved with the material , in order to move on with the discussions. Cook ‘Love distorts indeed, but hate distorts even more’ Substantivist theory built around the market and pre-market societies. Now the pre-market societies are almost extinct. Dalton- the section being dominated by the market principle is becoming enlarged. Bohannan- transitional and peasant economies are mentioned. Frank knight and merville herskovitz debate- herskovitz didn’t understand the economic man. Romantic anti-market syndrome Polanyi-primitive societies, reciprocity and redistribution- alledgedly a conflict-free model. Le Clair- why is there a felt need for a substantivist definition of economics. Polanyi and Dalton- scarcity is solely a function of social organization Anti market ideology. Go against the scientific method of enquiry- test and dismiss Dalton Economic theory cannot be applied to primitive economies Economic theory was influenced by factory industrialism and market organization. The market continues outside of market places in the west It is market organization that compels its participants to seek material self-gain: each must sell something of market value to acquire the material means of existence. Back in the 19th century the economy was a cohesive entity apart from other subsystems in society. Neither government, family or religion controlled market organization. They did obviously affect supply and demand though (eg more fish in catholic countries). When market organization is economy wide it creates a market society in the sense that social organization has to adapt to market needs to allow the sustained provision of material goods and of money incomes with which to acquire goods. A market economy can only exist in a market society society itself is subordinated to the laws of the market’- Polanyi (e. g when labourers wages drop they look for work elsewhere and migrate, so location of population conforms to market registered needs for labour) The market economy is highly decentralized, and this reinforces the atomistic view of society as simply an aggregate of self-interested individuals. William Townsend- hunger makes people work Malthus- natural fertility of humans makes food scarce and population growth brought about wages. Man’s existence requires material sustenance, but not unlimited wants, this is product of social organization. Economic in the substantive sense ‘provision of material goods which satisfy biological and social wants’. Economic in the formalist sense is described by the terms ‘economical’ and ‘economizing’. Denotes a set of rules designed to maximize the achievement of some end or to minimize the expenditure of some means. Substantivists believe that all places have an economy, but formalists believe that all places economize. In primitive economies people do not want profit. Where money is used in a primitive economy, it is not all-purpose money. -cattle/bridewealth. Market economy is unicentric because of the wide variety of material items and labour transacted in the sphere of market exchange. In contrast, primitive economy is multicentric and the dominant centres are organized through nonmarket patterns of intergration such as reciprocity and redistribution. What is a money economy to an anthropologist appears as a market economy to an economist. In primitive economy the basic institutional precondition is absent, the bulk of material income is not derived from, and therefore does not depend on market sales of output. Firth in NG-There is no final measure of the value of individual things, and you can’t make everything have a value in relation to one thing as there are many types of exchange. In primitive societies there are no penalties for non-repayment of loans. Primitive economy is different from market industrialism not in degree but in kind. Cancian Considers the two sides of the argument Formalists- even if a man is maximizing using only the scarcity of his human energy it is still maximizing. So he is economizing. It’s wrong to reject the strategy before trying to balance the equation. Burling-economic anthropology should be the search for the multiple actors that people maximize.

Top 10 WORST Jobs for Your Health

Top 10 WORST Jobs for Your Health Some jobs are more hazardous to your health than others. But here are the top 10  worst offenders, ranked on a scale of 0 to 100, according to data analyzed from the Occupational Information Network. It’s best to know what you’re up against if you’re considering (or working in) one of these fields. Here are the top 10 worst jobs for your health. 1. Surgical and Medical Assistants, Technicians, and TechsWith high risk of exposure to contaminants, disease, infection, and hazardous conditions, assistants in the medical field like these workers are up against an overall unhealthiness score of 57.3.2. Boiler Operators and Stationary EngineersOperating or maintaining equipment can be quite unhealthy. This job scores 57.7 and the top three worker risks include contaminant exposure, hazardous conditions, and exposure to minor burns, cuts, and other injuries.3. Wastewater and Water Treatment Plant and System OpsOperating or controlling an entire water system through mac hines or control boards can be extremely hazardous. With a score of 58.2, the top three health risks include contaminant exposure, hazardous conditions, and exposure to minor burns, cuts, and other injuries.4. Histotechnologists (and histologic technicians)These workers prepare histologic slides from tissue sections for microscopic analysis. Sound simple? The unhealthiness score here is 59, with workers risking exposure to hazardous contaminants and conditions, plus exposure to disease and infection.5. Immigration and CustomsYou wouldn’t think this would be so bad, but immigration and customs officers inspect and investigate everything and everyone that passes through a border. With the constant exposure to contaminants, disease, infection, as well as radiation, this job gets a 59.3 on the unhealthiness scale.6. PodiatryAll those feet expose podiatrists to disease, infection, radiation, and contaminants on a daily basis. This job comes in at a score of 60.2.7. Veterinarians ( and Veterinary Techs and Assistants)Treating animals can be a dangerously unhealthy enterprise when you consider the top three risks are exposure to disease, infection, minor cuts, burns, and injuries, plus exposure to contaminants? 60.38. Anesthesiologists and Assistants, and Nurse AnesthesiologistsAnesthesiologists, like surgeons, are constantly at risk of exposure to disease, infection, contaminants, and radiation. This job scores a 62.3.9. Flight AttendantsNo, it’s not the risk of crashing. The top three health risks to flight attendants are the same old exposure to contaminants, disease, infections, and the minor cuts, burns, and injuries of other professions. The relatively high rate of these risks gives this job an overall unhealthiness score of 62.3.10. Dentists, Dental Surgeons, and AssistantsBy far the biggest health risk in the working world, with a whopping overall unhealthiness score of 65.4. Dental workers are exposed to contaminants, disease, infections, and al so spend an enormous amount of time sitting, which increases health risks considerably.What do you think- want to go another route?  If so, make sure to sign up and get matched with the latest job opportunity!

Womens Human Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Womens Human Rights - Essay Example This paper is aimed at analyzing the very depth of Canada's women's rights. More specifically, this tackles the history of women's rights in Canada, the benefits that it has given to its populace - both for the men and women, and the comparison of Canada's women's rights versus that of the other countries. The United Nations' Charter protected the equal rights of women. The human rights of women is one of 12 critical areas of concern in the Platform for Action adopted at the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing and was further elaborated at the 42nd session (1998) of the UN Commission on the Status of Women (http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/foreign_policy/human-rights/Iwe2-rights-en.asp, 2006). Canada was one of the first countries to sign and ratify the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), adopted in 1979. CEDAW introduced a gender component to the rights outlined in other international human rights treaties. It sets international standards for eliminating gender discrimination (http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/foreign_policy/human-rights/Iwe2-rights-en.asp, 2006). This human rights of women remains a central foreign policy priority for Canada, both in bilateral discussions and in multilateral forum. Canada has been working so hard make women's human rights a strong focus of the Commission on the Status of Women and the Commission on Human Rights, and Canada has actively promoted the integration of the human rights of women throughout the UN system (http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/foreign_policy/human-rights

Asset Pricing Issues Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Asset Pricing Issues - Assignment Example are likely to remain the subject of legitimate interest far into the future. In other words, they will continue to be useful in helping us understand not just financial markets but also human behaviour and psychology. An example of the many issues facing researchers is the shape of the security market line which, according to the capital asset pricing model, reflects the most efficient portfolio that would give the best return for a certain level of risk. As recounted by Campbell (2000, 1528-29), changes in the slope of this line led to several hypotheses that were attempts to discover the patterns of behaviour of such data. Amongst the conclusions that continue to influence equity markets is that of the significant contribution that small firms make to market returns. The digitalisation of data and the increasing power of number-crunching computer technology in the last twenty-five years certainly helped not only in gathering data and improving its integrity, but also in the develop ment of mathematical models that somehow helped explain the data. Second, many models have been developed in response to the data. ... Coming in the form of equations (packed with Greek letters), these models help us to understand the reality that is captured by actual data. Several of the studies enumerated by Campbell (2000) helped in the development and our understanding of financial markets in the last twenty-five years. We are warned, however, on a point of caution implicit in the use of market data, especially as more academics attempt to find any observable patterns that are market anomalies (over-reaction and contrarian profit-making, month- or day-of-the-week effects, etc.). One key issue is the rationality (or lack thereof) of market investors and its connection to the integrity of the data. The continuing debate over the efficiency of capital markets between believers (Fama & French, 1998) and behaviourists (Shiller, 2000) call into question whether rational investor behaviour give rise to random data that irrational investors (as most investors are characterised by behaviourists) turn into predictable (a nd therefore, non-random) data through an act of rationality. Third, the analysis and discussion of data and models have improved our understanding of the sources of risk, the economic forces that determine the rewards for bearing risk, and the factors that determine the over-all level of asset prices. The different asset pricing models have taught the investing public, businessmen, and public policy-makers several important and overwhelming lessons, such as: first, there is no such thing as a free lunch, and second, that the fluttering of a butterfly's wings in Argentina can bring down the management and the stock price of a company. What the first lesson teaches us is that the

Advertising Strategies Essay Example for Free

Advertising Strategies Essay Advertising Strategies Advertising is used as a means to attract the buyer to follow a brand. There are many different advertising techniques that can be used depending on the demographics of the target market. As a 14-year-old, marketers have to understand what people my age like when it comes to advertising. For an advertisement to be effective for my age group, it needs to appeal to the audience. There are three main types of advertising used for people my own age, and they are celebrity power, lots of action, and the use of attractive women. Celebrity power is one effective form of advertising used for young teenagers. Because of the stage of life that I am currently at, I tend to look up to people who are famous. Most teenagers like to idolize musicians, sports players, and film stars. I am no different in this manner because I do associate myself with my favorite celebrities and try and follow them. If one of my idols is advertising a product, then I am more likely to pay that product some attention. I think that if my favorite celebrity is endorsing a product, then to be a true fan I should start buying that brand. This type of advertising is one of the oldest in the book, but it is also very effective for young people who are searching for an identity. Advertisements that have lots of action are also very popular with my age group. As a teenage boy, I enjoy watching television with great action scenes. This could either be a fight scene or a car chase. Marketers know that people my age like to see lots of action because it gets the adrenaline pumping. I am no different in that I enjoy watching advertisements that include a lot of action. There does not have to be much dialogue or any key message, just the inclusion of action appeals to young boys my age. Unlike the use of celebrities, using action sequences is a type of advertising that only works with males, particularly those around my own age. The third type of advertising that is effective for my age group is the use of sexy women. The saying that sex sells is a well-known one and it has been used ever since advertising first existed. The use of a pretty lady can set something going inside of teenage boys that make them take notice of the  advertisement. Scantily-clad women may be offensive to young females, but to guys like me it can make all the difference when it comes to advertising. I think that the use of attractive women will continue to be used by marketers because they know that it is an effective strategy and plenty of young men will approve of it. We are all bombarded by advertising every single day of our lives because marketers know the opportunities that it can bring. More than this, they also know that advertising can be extremely effective when trying to sell a product or service. For young boys of my age, this is no different. The advertising techniques used to attract people my age can be different from other target markets. The three main advertising strategies that are used to target someone like me are the celebrity factor, action sequences, and the inclusion of attractive young women.

The Dream Team Era Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Dream Team Era During the summer of 1992, the NBA took center stage as the world watched the greatest team in sports ever assembled joke, pose, and finally play its way to the gold medal at the summer Olympic games. The team was named the â€Å"Dream Team† and it featured eleven of the NBA’s best players. Names like Michael Jordan, Earvin â€Å"Magic† Johnson, and Larry Bird headlined the games and the play of Scottie Pippen and â€Å"Sir† Charles Barkley stole the show. After only eight games, the world of USA basketball would never be the same. Since 1992 two more teams called themselves the â€Å"Dream Team† and two were simply labeled as â€Å"Team USA† but one thing is for certain, International basketball has taken a step in the right direction thanks in part to the NBA and its Dream Team era. Over time the faces of those players may have changed, but the goal has always stayed the same and that’s the goal of bringing home the gold medal. After dominating men’s Olympic basketball for years, the men’s USA basketball team lost to the USSR in the 1988 Seoul games which cost them a shot at winning the gold medal, but they did come home with the bronze. The United States Olympic committee decided that since the rest of the world were sending their best players into the Olympic games that when it came to basketball it was time for them to do the same. The decision was made in 1989 to allow players from the NBA to represent their country in the 1992 Barcelona games. That one decision was the most important decision in the history of international basketball with one goal in mind; to put together the best possible team that they could. The goal of putting a great basketball team of NBA players together seemed impossible especially when it came to dealing with the egos of today’s athletes, but what seemed impossible became a reality. Established veterans like Magic Johnson and Larry Bird and future Hall of Famers/MVP’s like Michael Jordan and best friend Charles Barkley were added to the team. Big men David Robinson and Patrick Ewing were added to control the paint and guards Clyde â€Å"The Glide† Drexler and John Stockton were added to run the show. The man picked to coach the team was Chuck Daly who had won two of the last three NBA Championships with the Detroit Pistons. Knowing that no other team would ever be as potentially great as this one, sportswriters around the world dubbe... ...could secure an 85-83 win, but only after Lithuania’s game winning shot fell short at the buzzer (Games). Even though Team USA wasn’t as star-studded as the previous two Olympic teams, they still achieved the goal of winning a gold medal, but the path that they took to get there was much tougher than the path of teams in the past. With that being said, Team USA helped the United States Men’s basketball program to reach 109 wins with only two losses spread across 14 different Olympic games. Despite the fact that the era and aura of the Dream Team was destroyed, the memories of the games will live on forever. Names like Michael Jordan, Charles Barkley, Shaquille O’Neal and Vince Carter will always be remembered for having great NBA careers, but also for bring home the gold medal for their country and doing it with a class and a grace that will never be seen again. Works Cited â€Å"Games of the XXVth Olympiad—2000.† 17 Oct. 2003 Taylor, Phill. â€Å"Slam Dunk.† Sports Illustrated August 1996: 48-53. The Dream Team: Simply the Best. Videocassette. Xenon Entertainment Group, 1997. 73 min. USA Basketball: â€Å"96 Olympic Gold.† Videocassette. CBS FOX Video Sports, 1996. 50 min.

Implications of the Bertrand Model

In 1893 French economist Joseph Bertrand developed his Bertrand model of competition from his review of Antoine Cournots study of a Spring Water duopoly. His criticism lay with how firms in oligopolies compete. In his model firms compete with prices rather than Cornots quantities. (REFERENCE TO SPANISH JOURNAL) The model consists of two firms who set prices simultaneously and independently (HUGH GRAVIELLE AND AY REES, MICROECONOMICES), jean tiral explains this as when one firm sets its price it is ignorant to its rival’s price, rather it â€Å"anticipates† what they will charge. It is assumed products are homogeneous and perfect substitutes (ECCSTRAT) and due to the nature of the product the firm supplying output at the lowest price will gain the entire market demand. (GB! ) This firm will have to supply all the forthcoming demand at the price they have set; gb1 from this an important assumption of the model is that there are no capacity constraints, that both firms have the same marginal cost, which remains constant, and that demand is liner. GB2 As stated, the entire market demand for homogeneous products will go to the firm offering the lowest price, although if both firms were to sell at the same price â€Å"a sharing rule must be assumed† GB2. Using an example from the ((((((( lets suppose the market demand for a homogeneous product is given by, Q = 120-p (where Q is quantity demanded and p is price charged). The marginal cost (MC) for both producers is, C=$30, and both producers sell output at p=c=$30. The demand for each producer is Q=0. 5*120-p=45. Lets say producer A increased their price to c=$31, the entire market demand would transfer to producer B who would now have a demand function of Qb=120-c=90, while producer A would have zero demand. However if producer A had reduced their price to c=$29, they would capture the entire market demand through charging the lowest cost, however they would make a $1 loss in each product sold. From this, the Nash equilibrium for the Bertrand model lies where P=MC, with demand so heavily influenced by price producers do not want to be undercut by rivals. With P=MC no rival will undercut as zero profits are preferable to negative profits, and any firm trying to charge above the MC and make positive profits will receive no sales. The suggestion is the addition of one firm restores perfect market competition (Jean Tirole, 1998), moving the market form monopoly power and profits (maximum inefficiency) to perfectly competitive (maximum efficiency). It had been deemed a paradox as it is difficult to believe that two firms in a duopolistic market can make zero profits. We are able to resolve Bertrand’s paradox through relaxing and of the three integral assumptions of the model (intro to industrial org l. M. B Cabrail). In order to analyse its practical relevance and its implications, this essay will now give examples of where the paradox can be deconstructed. The first example of a solution comes from a combination of two assumptions, the first is the absence of capacity constraints, and the second firms make decisions independently. In the model whichever firm firm is charging the lowest price will receive the entire market demand, and is â€Å"expected to supply all forthcoming demand at the price it has set† (old xavior). There are few situations in the real world where one firm could satisfy the demand of the whole market. Using the previous example, producer B gained the entire market demand (Q=120-$30=90). Let’s assume producer B has a capacity constraint below 90 units. There is now a proportion of the market that can only be satisfied by producer A, who can use monopoly power and make positive profits as the only producer. (managerial Economics a strategic approach). This example shows how with the inclusion of a common real world problem, Bertrand’s proposed equilibrium of price equal to marginal cost is deconstructed. A second implication of capacity constraints is their effect on collision between firms. Collusion reduces market competiveness, firms tactically agree to set prices above particular levels and to not to engage in price wars,(REF). A positive relationship between excess capacity and collusion was identified by David and Deneckere, who found excess capacity is a â€Å"prerequisite for stable collusion† while it provides a â€Å"stronger bargaining position within cartels† (QUOTE TO JOURNALS THAT ARE ON JUIBILEE AND WOLF). These effects have been see in oil cartel OPEC, which has existed since the second world war and where the largest producer, Saudi Arabia can flood the market if small producers â€Å"cheat† on their quotas. (paul Pijush). Through years of controlling supply and therefore price the carte will receive one trillion dollars in revenues this year, (Wall street post). The prisoners dilemma is â€Å"a particular game between two captured prisoners that illustrates why cooperation is difficult to maintain even when mutually beneficial† (REF). It helps to demonstrate the logic behind Bertrand’s Paradox. Both firms would benefit from charging a price higher than marginal cost, however at this level both firms have an incentive to undercut one another. (managerial economics). If the rules of the game can be changed each agent would receive a higher revenue payoff. (Global Business Mike W peng). Two companies who saw this were General Electric (GE) and Westinghouse. In the early 1960s these two companies controlled over 98% of the US market for large turbine generators. Prior to purchase, electric utilities would negotiate with GE and Westinghouse who, as in Bertrand competition, competed on price. Government owned utilities accounted for twenty five percent of the market share and by law had to purchase from the cheapest provider and publish the price. The two firms generated low profit, as Bertrand competition predicts, until GE ‘changed the rules of the game’ by introducing a price book. The process effectively set a higher market price and guaranteed higher profits, the price publishing behaviour continued successfully until 1975 when the US Department of Justice investigated the industry. Price books were ruled to breach anti-competition laws and the firms were fined. The book, Technology and Transformation in the American Electric Utility Industry by Richard F. Hirsh goes into this example in much greater depth. This is an important example as it demonstrates that Bertrand competition can exist in the real world. However the assumption of zero profits, or in the example, low profits encourages companies to collude to set higher prices and make positive profits. The Bertrand model also assumes that with the entrant of a second firm into the market, and the subsequent Nash equilibrium, price equal to marginal cost, removes the need for policy makers to intervene. However form the previous example this is obviously false as policy makers did have to intervene and sanctions were made. To stress this point, another example; Pakistan’s Federal Cabinet moved powers of oil price fixation to the Oil Companies Advisory Committee in 2001, through flawed polices profits of the duopolists Pakistan State Oil and Shell Pakistan increased by 232% between 2001 to 2005. which lead to further state involvement to enforce price restrictions and encourage competition. (competition reporter. 25,05,2009). In the Bertrand model we assumed that both firms had the same costs of production which remain constant. It is an extreme assumption that two firms would incur exactly the same costs when producing their products, let us now assume that one firm had a cost advantage, i. e. firm A can produce marginally less expensively that firm B (cA

Moral Reasoning across Cultures Essay

Moral reasoning involves an active critical thinking process that evaluates reasons for ethical beliefs (Sunar, 2002). Sometimes individuals may be skeptic about issues related to morality. However, these same people seek to relate their moral opinions with tangible reasons. By doing this, they try to prove the issues that encompass ethics but often end up making common fallacies in moral reasoning. The universal acceptance of moral reasoning or arguments becomes rather problematic as culture seems to play a critical role in the way individuals make moral judgments (Sunar, 2002). To fully appreciate the difference in moral reasoning across cultures, it is important to examine some of the moral questions that have drawn serious debates in history. These moral questions such as euthanasia, abortion, same-sex marriages have been a hurdle due to the differences in cultural practices and beliefs which make some individuals to view an issue as morally correct or morally wrong (Sunar, 2002). But at the same time, there are principals that are universally accepted across cultures and this makes moral reasoning, to some level, be homogenous in intercultural dimensions. Morality can be viewed differently across different psychologists. To evolutionally psychologist, morality is an issue of inheritance implying that if the parents had poor morals, the offspring will not escape but inherit the genes of poor morals (Sunar, 2002). Cognitive psychologists may differ and claim that morality is entirely learnt where a child develops character and morals through experiences and role-taking. The difference in their explanations comes in due to the attempt to answer the disconcerting question on why moral reasoning tends to differ across individuals, gender and cultural levels (Sunar, 2002). There are diverse and pervasive cultural differences in moral principles across cultures, an issue that has made serious debates among cross-cultural psychologists (Sunar, 2002). The thinking of cognitive psychologists as observed in Kohlberg’s cognitive-developmental theory seem to be applicable only to the Western people with liberal values and individualists social forms. In this perspective, social constructionists have given a strong critique on the cognitive-development theory in the understanding of moral reasoning (Bucciarelli, Khemlani & Johnson-Laird, 2008). The social constructionists maintain that every culture is entirely unique with distinct moral systems and meanings and the comparisons in their moral reasoning does not make sense. This argument can be supported by the number of states legalizing abortion. Countries such as Malta, El Salvador and Chile have made abortion to be illegal no matter the condition or the purpose of the procedure (Pregnant Pause, 2002). On the other hand, countries such as Belgium, Belarus, Australia, Bosnia, Cambodia and China have made abortion to be a legal practice for a number of reasons such as social or economic reasons (Pregnant Pause, 2002). A different perspective is held by evolutionary psychologists, psychoanalytic psychologists and cognitive-development psychologists. They all argue that moral reasoning should be uniform across cultures. Psychoanalytic theory claims that the internalization process is deeply rooted in the conflicts between the social life requirements and the individual desires. These factors tend to be universal and therefore moral reasoning is uniform across cultures. Cultures such as same-sex marriages that used to be predominantly in Western countries are slowly finding a place in African countries (Bucciarelli, Khemlani & Johnson-Laird, 2008). This shows that moral reasoning is similar across cultures. Another element of similarities across cultures is the manner in which social institutes such as marriage are conducted. Punishments for poor marriage practices and rewards for good conduct have been shown to increase the observance of the moral principles regardless to cultural differences. Generally, the issue of moral reasoning tends to be both uniform and different across different cultures. There are moral principles that are universally acceptable and some practices will be known to be wrong among all cultures. However, some practices tend to have cultural boundaries where some countries or ethnic groups may restrict certain practices while others allowing the practices. These factors make moral reasoning to differ across cultures. Reference: Bucciarelli, M. , Khemlani, S & Johnson-Laird, P. N (2008). The psychology of moral reasoning. Judgment and Decision Making. 3 (2):121-139. Pregnant Pause (2002). Summary of abortion laws around the world. Retrieved July 15, 2010 from http://www. pregnantpause. org/lex/world02. htm Sunar, D. (2002). The psychology of morality. In W. J. Lonner, D. L. Dinnel, S. A. Hayes, & D. N. Sattler (Eds. ), Online Readings in Psychology and Culture (Unit 2, Chapter 11), Retrieved July 15, 2010 from http://www. ac. wwu. edu/~culture/Sunar. htm

Employee Satisfaction at Emirates National Oil Company

Employee Satisfaction at Emirates National Oil Company Introduction Employee satisfaction is a critical element in organisations’ pursuit for success. Therefore, organisational leaders are obliged to foster a high level of employee satisfaction to attain optimal ordinary performance. One of the most important areas of strategic management that organisational leaders should focus on in order to nurture a high level of employee satisfaction involves human resource.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Employee Satisfaction at Emirates National Oil Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Different studies on improving organisational performance have been conducted. Some of these studies have focused on integrating effective operational strategies. However, it is imperative for organisational leaders to nurture an environment that motivates its workforce (Bockerman Ilmakunnas, 2012). The level of employee productivity is subject to the level of job satisfaction. Naseem, Sheik, and Malik (2011) further opine that the level of employee satisfaction influences the extent to which customers are satisfied, and hence the firms’ financial performance. Company profile The Emirates National Oil Company [ENOC] was founded in 1993 in the United Arabs Emirates (UAE). The firm is wholly owned by the Dubai government and it is a critical institution in UAE’s quest for sustainable development and economic diversification. The firm specialises in the development of upstream and downstream operations within the gas and oil sector. ENOC intends to be the most profitable government-owned entity by integrating social responsible practices into its workforce and the overall society (ENOC, 2014). ENOC is focused at attracting, developing, and retaining a talented workforce, hence positioning itself as the employer of choice. ENOC intends to achieve this goal by integrating ethical business practices and integrity into its operations (ENOC, 2014). The firm has adopted an extensive Code of Business Conduct, which emphasises a number of core values such as integrity, teamwork, respect, transparency, and customer focus (ENOC, 2014). These aspects show that the firm is committed at nurturing an enabling working environment. Research objective This research paper evaluates the impact of employee satisfaction on the ENOC’s profitability. In order to achieve this primary objective, the research focuses on a number of aspects that are related to employee satisfaction. Some of these areas are illustrated by the following secondary objectives.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To evaluate how employee satisfaction influences the level of motivation amongst ENOC’s employees. To examine the ENOC’s reward management practices and their impact on employee productivity To assess ENOC employeesà ¢â‚¬â„¢ level of satisfaction and their impact on customer satisfaction, and hence the organisations level of profitability. Literature review Employee satisfaction and customer satisfaction Most profit-oriented entities are focused on maximising the level of profits. Daft (2008) defines profitability as â€Å"an organisation’s capacity to generate profit within a particular period of time using its resources† (p. 82). Human capital constitutes one of the essential organisational assets. However, the level of profitability is determined by diverse factors. Some of these aspects relate to the organisation’s technical, structural, and human aspects (Allen Wilburn, 2002). Tarigan and Widjaja (2011) define employee satisfaction as the employees’ general attitude towards their job. Employees who are highly satisfied with their job are likely to portray positive attitude as opposed their disgruntled counterparts. Employee satisfaction constitutes a fundamenta l element in organisations’ long-term existence. Bockerman and Ilmakunnas (2012) argue that lack of employee satisfaction is one of the main reasons that explain the source of poor job performance, absenteeism, and employee turnover (Mbah Ikemefuna, 2012). However, some organisational leaders have not understood the impact of employee job satisfaction on the overall organisational financial performance. Conversely, some organisational leaders do not have sufficient knowledge on the policies that can be integrated into their strategic human resource management practise in order to enhance employee satisfaction. Naseem, Sheikh, and Malik (2011) assert that employee satisfaction is a multi-factorial construct, which means that it is comprised of three main categories of actors. These factors include the basic factors, performance factors and excitement factors (Lussier, 2012). The basic factors involve the minimum job requirements, which if not addressed can increase the level of dissatisfaction amongst employees. On the other hand, Shahzad et al. (2013) assert that excitement factors â€Å"increase employee satisfaction while performance factors result in satisfaction only when performance is high† (p. 167). Hellermann (2006) corroborates that employee satisfaction is strongly correlated with productivity, and hence a firm’s profitability. Despite this realisation, some studies show that there are situations whereby employee satisfaction is not positively correlated with the level of profitability. For example, some studies have identified a negative relationship between employee satisfaction and the level of gross profit (Bernhardt, Donthu, Kennett, 2000).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Employee Satisfaction at Emirates National Oil Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Customer satisfaction The concept of customer satisfaction has been a major concern amongs t scholars and practitioners in different economic sectors. Its significance has arisen from the emphasis by most organisations as one of their core priorities. Bernhardt, Donthu, and Kennett (2000) assert that the significance of customer satisfaction has emanated from the growing concern on the relationship between customer satisfaction and organisations’ bottom-line performance. Kuballa (2007) argues that most studies have considered customer satisfaction to be directly linked with an organisation’s performance as opposed to employee satisfaction. Additionally, most studies conducted on customer satisfaction have only focused on service quality areas such as tangibility and empathy. Only a few studies have established the connection between the level of satisfaction and performance measures (Chi Gursoy, 2008). Additionally, varied results on the relationship between organisational performance and customer satisfaction have been established. Customer satisfaction is positively correlated with organisational profitability. Conversely, other studies assert that the level of customer satisfaction is not always indicated by an organisation’s level of profitability (Lumley, Coetzee, Tladinyane Ferreira, 2011). The literature review illustrates the existence of mixed results amongst employee satisfaction, customer satisfaction, and an organisation’s level of profitability. According to the findings of previous studies reviewed, the relationship amongst these variables can be correlated positively or negatively depending on the prevailing situation. Despite these findings, an organisation cannot be considered successful if it ignores the element of employee satisfaction (Solanki, 2013). The employees’ contribution to an organisation is determined by their interest or organisational identification.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Subsequently, the significance of improving the quality of the employees’ relationship with organisations, for example, through employee engagement should not be underestimated (Soni, 2013). Organisational leaders can improve employee satisfaction via different strategies. Some of these methods include the fulfilment of the employees’ needs, improving interaction amongst the various levels of management, and adaptability. Furthermore, employee empowerment constitutes a critical aspect in employee satisfaction (Solanki, 2013). Methodology Research design This research paper evaluates the impact of employee satisfaction on the ENOC’s profitability. In a bid to achieve this goal, the study has adopted mixed research approach by integrating qualitative and quantitative research approaches. The choice of mixed research design will enable the researcher to improve the validity and credibility of the study, and hence its relevance to target stakeholders. Moreover, mixe d research design will improve the research findings by providing the researcher an opportunity to gather sufficient data from the field. Jha (2008) argues that qualitative research design â€Å"involves detailed description of situations, events, observed behaviours, and attitudes from different sources such as case studies and correspondence† (p. 45). The quantitative design will enable the researcher to explain the relationship between the research variables numerically and analyse the data collected statistically (Brooks, 2006). Population and sampling The research data was collected from ENOC’s employees who were selected from different levels of management within the organisation. The research respondents were selected using random sampling approach. This approach would provide employees in the top and lower levels of management with an opportunity of being selected (Easterbys of motivator factors entail rewarding employees through non-monetary benefits such as r ecognising superior performance and providing them with an opportunity to progress through their desired career path. In its quest to improve the level of satisfaciton amongst its workforce, ENOC has developed a comprehensive employee training program dubbed ENOC National Development Program. The program focuses on five main training areas, which include functional, professional, leadership, managerial, and behavioural skills (ENOC, 2014).The program is aimed at equiping employees with new skills within the oil and gas industry. The training program is conducted by adopting both on-the-job and off-the-job training program. Furthermore, the firm outsources experts within the oil and gas sector to equip the employees with new skills and techniques. This aspect improves the employees’ knowledge, and hence their ability to cope with the industry trends. Furthermore, the ENOC’s training program has successfully contributed toward improvement in the firm’s service del ivery to its customers. Consequently, the firm has managed to increase the level of satisfaction amongst its workforce, and hence its sales revenues. ENOC has adopted transformational leadership style in an effort to maximise the employees and organisation’s benefits. First, the firm has adopted task delegation as one of its employee engagement strategies. This aspect depicts that the firm’s top management team has nurtured a high level of trust and integrity with the lower levels of management. ENOC’s success in delegating tasks has been enhanced by its adoption of the project-based approach in executing diverse gas and oil projects. In this aproach, ENOC develops a project team that is assigned specific tasks and responsibilities. Furthermore,the project teams are required to meet predetermined milestones within a specific period. This approach provides the firm’s employees with an opportunity to make decisions on the best approach. Subsequently,through task delegation, ENOC has been in a position to improve the effectiveness of its work-design. For example, work design has significantly improved the employees’ job-depth. Rauner, Maclean, and Boreham (2008) argue that job enrichment â€Å"gives employees the freedom to plan, execute and make decisions related to their job† (p. 34). Furthermore, ENOC has succeeded in nurturing an enabling working environment by establishing a collaborative workplace. Collaboration amongst employees in different departments is a fundamental element in improving the effeciency and effectiveness with which employees execute their duties. Collboration improves knowledge and information sharing within an organisation’s workforce. Consequently, an organisation attains synergy hence improving the quality of output delivered to the final consumer. ENOC appreciates that employee satisfaction is directly linked to customer satisfaction. Subsequently, the firm’s top management team associates its strong business results with the high level of employee and customer satisfaction. For example, between 2011 and 2013, ENOC’s sales revenues increased by over 50%, while its profit levels increased by 39% (ENOC, 2014). According to Saeed Khoory [ENOC’s Chief Executive Officer], the firm considers employee satisfaction as a fundamental driver in its growth path and over the past two years, the firm’s customer satisfaction index increased to 77% in 2013, while the level of customer loyalty increased from 61% in 2012 to 65% in 2013 (ENOC, 2014). Employee involvement and recognition comprise another fundamental strategy that organisations can adopt in enhancing employee satisfaction, and hence the employees’ productivity. Hellermann (2006) argues that recognition constitutes an essential element in employee motivation. In its reward management practices, ENOC recognises employees who depict exemplary performance in their job by offering them a wards. Lewis (2007) argues that employee satisfaction plays an important role in enhancing commitment within a workforce. Subsequently, all the employees’ activities are focused at achieving the overall organisational goal. Furthermore, employee involvement significantly reduces the rate of employee turnover, hence minimising the cost of retraining new employees. Furthermore, employee engagement in the decision-making process increases the likelihood of developing a product aligned with the market demand. Therefore, an organisation can be in a position to maximise its sales revenue and hence the level of profitability (ENOC, 2014). ENOC’s focus on establishing a high degree of employee involvement and engagement has significantly improved the firm’s innovative capability. For example, in 2013, the firm received over 1,000 suggestions from its workforce on how it can improve its competitiveness. The firm’s CEO asserts the suggestions generated have enabled the company to improve its operational efficiency and profitability (ENOC, 2014). Conclusion The case study shows that employee satisfaction is strongly correlated with an organisation’s level of profitability. Therefore, organisational managers are compelled to institute effective human resource management policies in order to improve the level of satisfaction. One of the issues that managers should consider relates to work design. The study shows that jobs should be designed in such a way that they contribute towards the employees’ quest for career progression. Some of the work plan techniques that managers should consider include work enhancement, work alternation, and work extension. Job designing provides employees’ with an opportunity to undertake challenging tasks, hence breaking the boredom associated with specialisation. Furthermore, the case study underscores the importance of integrating effective leadership style in order to improve the level of emp loyee satisfaction. Considering the changing nature of the labour market, it is imperative for organisational leaders to integrate transformational leadership style. This style will increase the likelihood of attaining optimal competitive advantage. For example, transformational leadership will improve an organisation’s efforts to establish a collaborative working environment. Consequently, the quality of the final output improves due to of the synergistic working relationship that contributes to information and knowledge sharing. Thus, the probability of increasing and sustaining level of customer loyalty is remarkably improved. Reference List Allen, D., Wilburn, M. (2002). Linking customer and employee satisfaction to the  bottom line: a comprehensive guide to establishing the impact of customer and employee satisfaction on critical business outcomes. Milwaukee, WI: ASQ Quality Press. Bockerman, P., Ilmakunnas, P. (2012). The job satisfaction productivity nexus: A study using matched survey and register data. Industrial Labour Relations Review, 65(2), 1-21. Brooks, I. (2006). Organisational behaviour: individuals, groups and organisation.  Essex, UK: Pearson Education Limited. Chi, C., Gursoy, D. (2009). Employee satisfaction, customer satisfaction and financial performance. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28(3), 245-253. Bernhardt, K., Donthu, N., Kennett, P. (2000). A longitudinal analysis of satisfaction and profitability. Journal of Business Research, 47(2), 161-171. Daft, R. (2008). New era of management. Mason, OH: Thompson South-Western. Easterby-Smith, M., Thorpe, R., Jackson, P. (2008). Management research.  London, UK: Sage. ENOC: ENOC unveils 2014 growth strategy to accelerate operational efficiency and  Ã‚  profitability. (2014). Retrieved from https://www.enoc.com/en/ Hellermann, R. (2006). Capacity options for revenue management; theory and  application in the air cargo industry. New York, NY: Springer. J ha, N. (2008). Research Methodology. Chandigarh, India: Global Media. Kuballa, J. (2007). Employee satisfaction; a precondition for economic success of  Ã‚  service company. Chicago, IL: GRIN Verlag. Lewis, P. (2007). Management; challenges for tomorrow’s leaders. Mason, OH: South- Western. Lumley, E., Coetzee, M., Tladinyane, R., Ferreira, N. (2011). Exploring the job satisfaction and organisational commitment of employees in the information technology environment. Southern African Business Review, 15(1), 100-118. Lussier, R. (2012). Management fundamentals; concepts, applications, skill  development. Mason, OH: South Western. Mbah, S., Ikemefuna, C. (2012). Job satisfaction and employees’ turnover intention in Total Nigeria Plc in Lagos. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2(14), 275-288. Naseem, A., Sheikh, S., Malik, K. (2011). Impact of employee satisfaction on success of organisation: Relation between customer experience and employee sa tisfaction. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Science and Engineering, 2(5), 41-47. Rauner, F., Maclean, R., Boreham, N. (2008). Handbook of technical and  vocational educational and training research. New York, NY: Springer. Saiyadain, M. (2003). Organisational behaviour. Delhi, India: Tata McGraw-Hill. Shahzad, M., Ahmad, M., Qasim, M., Mushtaq, M., Ferdoos, A., Naeem, H. (2013). Impact of employees’ job satisfaction on organisational performance. European Journal of Business Management, 5(5), 166-172. Solanki, K. (2013). Flexitime association with job satisfaction, work productivity, motivation and employees stress levels. Journal of Human Resource Management, 1(1), 9-14. Soni, B. (2013). Employee engagement; a key to organisational success in 21st  Century. Voice of Research, 1(4), 51-56. Tarigan, D., Widjaja, C. (2011). The impact of employee satisfaction on profitability of restaurants and cafes: A research in Surabaya, Indonesia. International Conferenc e on E-business, Management and Economics, 25(3), 266-271.

Hamlet Summary, Act-by-Act

Hamlet Summary, Act-by-Act William Shakespeare’s play Hamlet takes place in Elsinore, Denmark after the death of King Hamlet. The tragedy tells the story of Prince Hamlets moral struggle after his father’s ghost tells him that Claudius, Prince Hamlets uncle, murdered the king. Act I The play begins on a cold night with the changing of the guard. King Hamlet has died, and his brother Claudius has taken the throne. However, for the past two nights, the guards (Francisco and Bernardo) have seen a restless ghost resembling the old king wandering the castle grounds. They inform Hamlet’s friend Horatio of what theyve seen. The next morning, the wedding of Claudius and Gertrude, the wife of the late king, takes place. When the room clears, Hamlet soliloquizes on his disgust at their union, which he views as a betrayal of his father at best and, at worst, incest. Horatio and the guards enter and tell Hamlet to meet the ghost that night. Meanwhile, Laertes, the son of the kings advisor Polonius, is getting ready for school. He says goodbye to his sister Ophelia, who is romantically interested in Hamlet. Polonius enters and lectures Laertes extensively on how to behave at school. Both father and son then warn Ophelia about Hamlet; in response, Ophelia promises to no longer see him. That night, Hamlet meets the ghost, who claims to be the ghost of the king- Hamlets father. The ghost says that he was murdered by Claudius, that Claudius put poison in his ear while he slept, and that Gertrude slept with Claudius even before his death. The ghost orders Hamlet to avenge the murder, but not to punish his mother. Hamlet agrees. Later, he informs Horatio and Marcellus, one of the guards, that he will pretend to be mad until he can get his revenge. Act II Polonius sends a spy, Reynaldo, to France to keep an eye on Laertes. Ophelia enters and tells Polonius that Hamlet entered her room in a mad state, grabbing her wrists and staring wildly into her eyes. She also adds that she has cut off all contact with Hamlet. Polonius, certain that Hamlet is madly in love with Ophelia and that it was Ophelias rejection that put him in this state, decides to meet the king to concoct a plan to spy on Hamlet in conversation with Ophelia. Meanwhile, Gertrude has asked Hamlet’s school friends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to try to figure out the cause of his madness. Hamlet is suspicious of them, and he evades their questions. Soon, a theatre troupe arrives, and Hamlet requests that the following night they perform a certain play, The Murder of Gonzago, with a few passages inserted written by Hamlet. Alone on stage, Hamlet voices his frustration about his own indecisiveness. He decides he must figure out if the ghost is truly his father or if it is a specter leading him to sin without reason. Because the play depicts of a king who kills his brother and marries his sister-in-law, Hamlet believes that the performance scheduled for the next night will make Claudius show his guilt. Act III Polonius and Claudius spy on Hamlet and Ophelia as she returns the gifts he gave her. They become confused when Hamlet spurns her, telling her to go to a nunnery. Claudius concludes that the cause of Hamlets madness is not his love for Ophelia, and decides that he should send Hamlet away to England, unless Gertrude can figure out the true cause. During the performance of The Murder of Gonzago, Claudius stops the action just after the scene in which poison is poured into the kings ear. Hamlet tells Horatio he is now certain that Claudius murdered his father. In the next scene, Claudius attempts to pray in church, but his guilt prevents him from doing so. Hamlet enters and readies himself to kill Claudius, but stops when he realizes that Claudius might go to heaven if he is killed while praying. Gertrude and Hamlet have a bitter fight in her bedchamber. When Hamlet hears a noise behind the tapestry, he stabs the intruder: it is Polonius, who dies. The ghost appears again, rebuking Hamlet for his harsh words against his mother. Gertrude, who cannot see the ghost, becomes certain that Hamlet is mad. Hamlet drags Polonius’s body offstage. Act IV Hamlet jokes with Claudius about killing Polonius; Claudius, fearing for his own life, orders Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to bring Hamlet to England. Claudius has prepared letters telling the English king to kill Hamlet when he arrives. Gertrude is told that Ophelia has gone mad with the news of her father’s death. Ophelia enters, sings a number of strange songs, and speaks of her father’s death, insinuating that her brother Laertes will get revenge. Soon, Laertes enters and demands Polonius. When Claudius tells Laertes that Polonius he is dead, Ophelia enters with a bundle of flowers, each one symbolic. Laertes, upset by his sister’s state, promises to listen to Claudius’s explanation. A messenger approaches Horatio with a letter from Hamlet. The letter explains that Hamlet snuck onto a pirate vessel that attacked them; after they parted, the pirates mercifully agreed to take him back to Denmark in return for some favors. Meanwhile, Claudius has convinced Laertes to join him against Hamlet. A messenger arrives with a letter for Claudius from Hamlet, announcing his return. Quickly, Claudius and Laertes plot how to kill Hamlet without upsetting Gertrude or the people of Denmark, with whom Hamlet is popular. The two men agree to arrange a duel. Laertes acquires a poison blade, and Claudius plans to give Hamlet a poisoned goblet. Gertrude then enters with news that Ophelia has drowned, reigniting Laertes’s anger. Act V While digging Ophelia’s grave, two gravediggers discuss her apparent suicide. Hamlet and Horatio enter, and a gravedigger introduces him to a skull: Yorick, the old king’s jester whom Hamlet loved. Hamlet considers the nature of death. The funeral procession interrupts Hamlet; Claudius, Gertrude, and Laertes are among the entourage. Laertes jumps into his sister’s grave and demands to be buried alive. Hamlet reveals himself and brawls with Laertes, exclaiming that he loved Ophelia more than forty thousand brothers could. After Hamlet’s exit, Claudius reminds Laertes of their plan to kill Hamlet. Hamlet explains to Horatio that he read Rosencrantz and Guildenstern’s letters, rewrote one demanding the beheading of his former friends, and swapped the letters before escaping on the pirate ship. Osric, a courtier, interrupts with news of Laertes’s duel. At the court, Laertes takes up the poisoned blade. After the first point, Hamlet refuses the poisoned drink from Claudius, from which Gertrude then takes a sip. While Hamlet is unguarded, Laertes wounds him; they grapple and Hamlet wounds Laertes with his own poisoned blade. Just then, Gertrude collapses, exclaiming she has been poisoned. Laertes confesses the plan he shared with Claudius, and Hamlet wounds Claudius with the poisoned blade, killing him. Laertes asks for Hamlet’s forgiveness, and dies. Hamlet asks Horatio to explain his story and declares Fortinbras the next king of Denmark, then dies. Fortinbras enters, and Horatio promises to tell the story of Hamlet. Fortinbras agrees to hear it, declaring that Hamlet will be buried as a soldier.

Assignment 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Assignment 1 - Essay Example In fulfillment of the National Training Framework’s purposes, Vocational Educational Training or VET now comes in various forms provided by employers, private training companies, community based organisations, secondary schools and higher education. These entities strive to serve students to prepare them for work in the real world. The â€Å"VET in Schools† program offers students to undertake one of three models of practical work-related activity. One is for full time students to participate in a training program offered by the school or a public or private training provider; another is for students to secure a trainee-ship or apprenticeship with a contract and paid employment while still a student in a school; or students may work part time out of school hours with a formal, structured training component. (ANTA, 1999) The move towards globalization includes the consideration of multicultural factors affecting learning and development. In Australia, many indigenous students (e.g. Aborigines) drop out of formal school to move towards vocationally-oriented school courses (Schwab, 2001) to enable them to secure jobs soon after compulsory education. This particular population may seek options that will optimize their learning potentials such as courses that appropriately fit their culture. It is important to understand that problems associated with indigenous education are unique. Indigenous culture is devalued and is prone to discrimination. Indigenous children, as a group, are assumed to be unequal to the general school population in terms of intelligence, and as a result, expectations are considerably lower (Reynolds, 2005). Gutman (1992) in the context of research involving students in two Brisbane school found that: â€Å"Teachers who have low expectations of what Aboriginal students can achieve academically are doing them a disservice† (p.

Acid rain Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Acid rain - Research Paper Example It appears to change the characteristics of the environment on a planetary scale; therefore, the global ecological crisis is dangerous to the world’s population. Dealing with global environmental crisis is complicated due to the fact that it requires the cooperative actions of the whole world, rather than the individual actions of the certain country or population group. It needs to minimize the pollution produced by mankind to the levels that the nature can cope with it on its own. Currently, the global environmental crisis consists of two main components: acid rain, the greenhouse effect, pollution with super toxicants, and the ozone holes. In the current paper we are going to discuss the phenomenon of acid rain and its effects on nature and humanity. The term â€Å"acid rain† was introduced by Robert Smith, English engineer, in his book Air and Rain: The Beginning of a Chemical Climatology (1872) (Myers 267). Acid rains containing solutes of sulfuric and nitric acids cause serious damage to nature, because soil, water, vegetation, animals, and people become their victims. Gases that are released by burning of fossil fuels, among others, are composed from dioxins of sulfur and nitrogen. Depending on the composition of a certain fuel there may be more or less of these dioxins. Fuel oil and sour coal provide the most saturated sulfur dioxide emissions. Tons of sulfur dioxide emitted into the atmosphere resulting from chemical reactions turn into weak acid solution. In the internal combustion engines and boiler systems, nitrogen and oxygen under high temperatures form the nitrogen oxides. In this respect, energy production is accompanied by oxidation of the environment. Emissions are dispersed over vast areas due to the heigh t of the power plant pipes (Granier, Artaxo, and Reeves 54). The acidity of the water solution is determined by the presence of positively charged hydrogen ions H+ in it and

Political and economic concerns in global expansion of the firm Essay

Political and economic concerns in global expansion of the firm - Essay Example For example, these domestic forces are extremely powerful in advance / developed nations unlike in developing nations where enterprises are blatantly involved in employing child labor, use of unethical practices and irresponsible production methods to maximize their wealth and rate of return. The first major factor that have to be taken into account by strategic planners and top executives of a business entity when going global is accurate analysis of international business environment. Indeed, economic recession and turmoil followed by credit crunch also hampers growth and expansion of host nation’s economy. For instance, the host nation is also dependent on other developing and advance world economies for foreign trade; however, lower aggregate consumption and output reduces trade and commerce activities in such nations that later adversely impacts chosen host country’s markets. In simple words, the recession results in unemployment, poverty and low purchasing power that aggravates business scenario in chosen markets. (Daft, 2009) The second major factor is exchange rate fluctuations of host nation’s currency. Indeed, the frequent undervaluation or overvaluation of currency due to lack of appropriate foreign reserves from foreign trade may lead to exchange losses at the time of conversion. For example, if currency of Japan is undervalued against home country’s (USA) currency at the time of investment ($1 = 90 Yen), it is beneficial for a foreign nation to invest in an economy because more monetary units are received from exchange. Nevertheless, after the formation of business subsidiary if currency undervalues further ($1 = 95 Yen), it would lead to exchange losses when subsidiary firm will opt to transfer profits back to USA. In contrast, if Japanese Yen appreciates and become stronger ($1 = 80 Yen) then US firm will be advantaged